Yakutsk: Known Facts About the Coldest City in the World
Yakutskis the city and capital of the Sakha Autonomous Republic (Yakutia) in the far north-east of Russia, on the Lena River. Sakha was established as an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union in 1922; It is now Russia's largest republic. It is located on the Lena River. 6th-10th AD. Sakha (Yakut), a people consisting of a mixture of Turkish communities migrating from the south in the centuries and local tribes, joined the Russian state in the first half of the 17th century.
Yakutsk, the largest city of the republic, was settled for the first time in history as a small wooden fortress built by Russian Cossacks who discovered Siberia in 1632. In 1638, the Yakutsk province was established and the region was opened to Russians who settled in towns along the middle Lena River. By the 19th century, most of the nomadic Sakha had adopted a settled life.
Residential
In 1632, a detachment of the Yenisei captain Petr Beketov, during the exploration of the banks of the Lena River, decided to build the Yakutsk (Lenskiy) fortress in this area, the fortress became the center of the newly founded Yakut province. Due to frequent floods in the 1640s, the fortress Tuymaad It was moved to its current location in Yakutsk valley. The name of the settlement was changed to Yakutsk in 1643. In 1822 Yakutsk became an “oblast” city, and in 1851 Yakutsk became the center of the newly recognized independent Yakutia region.
Social and Economic Development
From the mid-17th century, the government of the Russian empire chose Yakutia as a suitable place for the exile of revolutionaries, because it was considered a “prison without railings” due to its harsh climate. Representatives of three generations of Russian revolutionaries, from the Decembrists to the Marxist-Leninists, were exiled in Yakutsk. Some of their descendants still live in Yakutsk these days. The economic life of Yakutsk took off from the industrial development of Yakutia in the XIX-XX centuries, especially after gold mining along the Vitim River and its tributaries. At that time the city became the industrial center of the region, and since then the city has expanded and grown significantly.
The remarkable socio-economic growth of the region determined the status of the city. It became the administrative, political, cultural and scientific center of the entire Far Eastern region of Russia. A particularly active period of development of Yakutsk occurred during the Governorship of Kraft I in 1906-1913, during which a power plant, a telephone station, several museums were built, and the department of the Imperial Geographical Society was established.
How Did Yakutsk Gain Autonomy?
After the Civil War, the Soviet regime was established in the Yakut region in 1918. By October 1921, Platon Oyunsky prepared a draft of the “Declaration of Rights and Duties of Workers of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic” and the “Declaration of Rights and Duties of Workers of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”. In 1922, the work to establish the Republic was completed, and based on these documents, the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established on April 27, 1922, with its capital in Yakutsk. It became the first state in the history of the Sakha people. In the 1930s, the first scientific research institute was established in the city. With this, the Republic reached a new stage in public education and science. Today it is a large city with a population of more than 250,000.
Architectural
Yakutsk city architecture is a mixture of modern high-rise buildings, Soviet-era blocks and old wooden houses. The city is built on permafrost, a frozen layer of soil hundreds of meters deep that never thaws. Most structures are built on piles so that the heat coming out of the building does not melt the layers below.
Yakutsk Weather
In winter, Yakutsk is shrouded in “settlement” fog, which occurs when the weather is so cold that warm air from houses, people and cars cannot rise. It is not a good idea to walk around the city streets during the winter months when the temperature drops below -40C.
Yakutsk is the capital of Yakutia, whose 1.2 million square miles are covered in snow and ice, diamonds and gold, where the average temperature is below freezing and winter is considered mild only when it is below 40 degrees. Forty percent of Yakutia lies above the Arctic Circle and approximately 1 million people live here.
December, January and February are the coldest months and the temperature usually stays below -50C.
Tourism
Besides being so cold, the city also has winter tourism. The Natural History Museum, the University Archeology and Ethnography Museum, the Mammoth Museum, and the Fine Arts Museum, which cover both the human, flora and fauna history of the region, are the main tourist attractions.
Moscow time +6 hours The distance between Moscow and Yakutsk is -8468 km. If you are planning to go to Yakutsk in winter, you should take the warmest clothes possible; fur hats, woolen scarves, gloves, thick boots, winter coats. Locals wear long fur coats, reindeer fur boots with thick felt soles, fur hats.
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